Model Articles of Impeachment Against Trump | 120th Congress
In short: Biazzo Law has published a model resolution containing seven articles of impeachment against President Donald J. Trump, for Members of the U.S. House of Representatives, their staff, and committee counsel. The articles cover conduct from the start of the President's second term on January 20, 2025, through November 3, 2026. Each article is grounded in federal court rulings, public records, and the House's own impeachment precedents. The draft is free to use in whole or in part, without permission.
The 120th Congress convenes on January 3, 2027. Whatever the House decides to do with its oversight and impeachment powers, Members and staff will need well-sourced text they can work from on day one. This model is offered as that starting point. It is not a final charging document, and it is not a prediction of what the House should or will do.
Key facts at a glance
What it is | A model House resolution with seven articles of impeachment, in House format, ready to copy and adapt |
Who it's for | Members of the House, personal and committee staff, and committee counsel |
Period covered | January 20, 2025 through November 3, 2026 |
What it's based on | Federal court rulings, public records, and the standards the House Judiciary Committee set out in H. Rept. 116-346 (2019) |
Format | Word document (.docx): line-numbered, double-spaced, with blanks for resolution number, sponsor, and committee |
Cost and terms | Free. Use all of it, part of it, or none of it. No permission is needed. |
Download | Model Articles of Impeachment — President Donald J. Trump (See PDF and Word Above) |
Companion drafts | Model articles for Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth and Attorney General Todd Blanche, to be published separately |
What do the model articles of impeachment cover?
The model resolution contains seven articles. Each one rests on court findings, public filings, or official records. Each is written as a standalone article, so a Member can introduce one without the others.
Article | Subject | What it is grounded in |
I | Use of federal law enforcement against political opponents, critics, and the press | Federal court rulings striking down four executive orders against law firms; a ruling quashing grand jury subpoenas to the Federal Reserve as issued primarily to pressure its Chair; the dismissal of an indictment obtained by an unlawfully appointed prosecutor; preliminary injunctions in the White House press-credential case and in Senator Mark Kelly's case |
II | Settlement of the President's personal lawsuit against the IRS, and the proposed $1.776 billion "Anti-Weaponization Fund" | A July 13, 2026 federal court order finding the suit collusive and brought in bad faith (Trump v. IRS, S.D. Fla.) |
III | Foreign and domestic emoluments, and conflicts in the conduct of foreign policy | The Foreign and Domestic Emoluments Clauses; the acceptance of a Boeing 747-8 from Qatar without a vote of Congress; pending federal cases concerning the Miami library parcel, digital-asset ventures, and special-envoy disclosures |
IV | Use of the Armed Forces without authorization of Congress, abroad and in U.S. cities | The Declare War Clause and the War Powers Resolution; strikes on vessels at sea, operations in Venezuela and Iran; federal court findings on the Los Angeles National Guard deployment and the Posse Comitatus Act |
V | Compliance with court orders and the guarantee of due process | The Supreme Court's unanimous order in the Abrego Garcia case and the later dismissal of his prosecution as presumptively vindictive; the Supreme Court's birthright-citizenship decision; the Minnesota shootings and the State's litigation over access to evidence |
VI | Interference in the administration of federal elections | Supreme Court orders leaving in place an injunction against the Postal Service ballot-mail rule and denying the Justice Department's emergency request to set aside California mail ballots; a federal injunction against taxpayer-funded advertising before the midterms |
VII | Use of emergency powers to impose tariffs | The Supreme Court's February 20, 2026 decision holding that IEEPA does not authorize tariffs (Learning Resources, Inc. v. Trump) |
The complete text, with citations to case names and docket numbers, is in the downloadable resolution.
How were the articles built, and what is the scope?
The drafting follows the House's own precedents. The structure tracks H. Res. 755 (116th Congress), the articles the House adopted on December 18, 2019: a recital of the constitutional standard and the oath of office, a specification of conduct, numbered means, and a closing clause seeking removal and disqualification.
The substantive standard comes from the House Judiciary Committee's 2019 report, H. Rept. 116-346. That report identifies three overlapping forms of impeachable conduct: abuse of power, betrayal of the nation through foreign entanglements, and corruption of office and elections. Each model article is tied to at least one of them.
Three principles guided what was included:
Grounded, not exhaustive. The model is deliberately limited to conduct that courts have ruled on or that public records document. It is not a complete catalogue of every allegation made against the President since January 20, 2025. Committees will develop their own record.
Conduct, not policy. Disagreement over policy is not a "high Crime or Misdemeanor." The articles focus on the use of official power for personal or political advantage, on defiance of law and courts, and on actions that courts have found unlawful.
Honest about status. Many cited rulings are preliminary or on appeal, and some cases are pending. The resolution identifies them as such, and staff should update each one against the docket before markup.
Is this partisan?
No. The Constitution gives the House "the sole Power of Impeachment" and makes no exception for any party or any President. The model applies the same standards the House has used before, and it cites rulings by judges appointed by Presidents of both parties. The Biazzo Law Government Oversight Program is a nonpartisan public-service initiative. The same analysis would apply to any administration.
Can I use the model articles?
Yes. Members, staff, and counsel are free to:
introduce the resolution as written;
use only the articles, or parts of articles, they find useful;
revise, combine, reorder, or rewrite any part of it; or
use it purely as research for their own drafting.
No permission, license, or attribution is required. The text is formatted in House style — line-numbered and double-spaced, with blanks for the resolution number, sponsor, date of introduction, and committee of referral — so it can be pasted into a Member's own draft with minimal reformatting. Legislative Counsel will, of course, put any introduced version into final form.
How might a House office or committee use these articles?
Impeachment is a process, not a single vote. A typical sequence draws on the 2019 precedent:
Authorize an inquiry. A full-House resolution authorizing committees to investigate, modeled on H. Res. 660 (116th Congress), strengthens subpoena enforcement and settles questions about the inquiry's legitimacy.
Preserve and gather the record. Committees send preservation letters, request documents, and take sworn testimony. The model articles identify the court records and filings that support each charge.
Test each article against the evidence. Articles the record supports go forward. Articles it does not support are revised or dropped.
Mark up and report. The Judiciary Committee considers articles, and the full House votes by simple majority. Conviction in the Senate requires two-thirds of the Senators present.
The model articles are most useful at steps 2 and 3: they give staff a structured, cited outline of what to investigate and how to frame it.
Companion resources
Model articles for Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth and Attorney General Todd Blanche. These will be published as separate posts and downloads.
Biazzo Law Government Oversight Program. A nonpartisan public-service initiative that monitors the use of government power, explains pending constitutional questions in plain language, pursues public records through FOIA, and files amicus briefs in significant cases.
Related analysis on our blog:
Let's talk
If your office or committee would find it helpful to walk through the articles, the underlying cases, or how to adapt the text, I would be glad to set up a time. That might be a short call with staff or a longer working session with counsel. There is no obligation, and the conversation can be as narrow or as broad as you need.
Corey J. Biazzo, Esq. · Biazzo Law, PLLC corey@biazzolaw.com · (703) 297-5777 · Request a time to talk
For the American public: what are model articles of impeachment?
The Constitution gives the House of Representatives the power to impeach — that is, to formally charge — a President or other federal official for "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors." The Senate then holds a trial and decides whether to remove the official from office. Impeachment is how the Constitution holds officials accountable for serious abuse of the public trust while they are still in office.
"Articles of impeachment" are the written charges. Model articles are a draft that anyone can review. They do not charge anyone with anything by themselves. Only a Member of the House can introduce articles, and only a majority of the House can adopt them.
Biazzo Law publishes these models to help Congress do its constitutional job. Members and staff work under heavy time pressure. A careful, sourced draft can help them evaluate the facts, ask the right questions, and decide for themselves whether and how to proceed. Publishing it openly also lets every citizen see the evidence and reasoning, and judge for themselves.
The model does not decide anyone's guilt, and it does not replace the hearings, evidence, and votes that the Constitution requires. Its purpose is to support informed, lawful, and accountable government, whichever party holds the majority.
Frequently asked questions
What are model articles of impeachment? They are a draft House resolution, written in the format the House uses, that sets out specific charges and the facts supporting them. A Member of the House may introduce, adapt, or draw on them. On their own, they charge no one.
What period do the model articles against President Trump cover? Conduct from the start of his second term on January 20, 2025, through November 3, 2026. Earlier conduct, including the subjects of the 2019 and 2021 impeachments, is not included.
Do I need permission to use the model articles? No. Members, staff, and counsel may use all, part, or none of the text, with or without changes, and without attribution.
Can a President be impeached for conduct that is not a crime? Yes. The House Judiciary Committee concluded in the Nixon, Clinton, and 2019 Trump inquiries that "high Crimes and Misdemeanors" reaches serious abuse of official power whether or not it violates a criminal statute.
Does Trump v. United States (2024) prevent impeachment? No. That decision addressed immunity from criminal prosecution. It does not limit the House's power to impeach or the Senate's power to try and remove.
Are these articles the final word on the facts? No. They are a starting point grounded in court rulings and public records as of November 3, 2026. Several cited cases are on appeal. Any committee should verify each fact against the current record and develop its own evidence through hearings and testimony.
Will there be model articles for other officials? Yes. Model articles for Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth and Attorney General Todd Blanche will be published separately.
Is Biazzo Law affiliated with any party or campaign? No. The Biazzo Law Government Oversight Program is nonpartisan. Its work is directed at constitutional accountability, regardless of which party holds power.
This post and the model articles are provided for public education and to assist Members of Congress and their staff. They are not legal advice, and they do not create an attorney-client relationship. The model articles describe allegations and judicial findings as of November 3, 2026. No court has found that the President committed a crime, and all persons are presumed innocent of any criminal charge.
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